Citation+style+-+Harvard

There are various ways of citing references within your assignments. This page is an introduction to the Harvard referencing style.

Check with your lecturer or tutor for the style you are required to use, as some Schools use in-house variations.

For additional information on citing references **within** your assignments, using paraphrases, and quotations etc check out the Plagiarism guide.

Getting started.
To create a reference list you will need, for each item you include, the following information: Book: ** author or editor; year of publication; title; edition; place of publication and publisher
 * Journal article :** author ; year of publication; title of article; journal title; volume/issue number; page numbers of the article
 * Electronic information **: author/editor; year of publication; article title; journal title; web URL,/name of database; date accessed

For all citations:

 * Use the specific punctuation, layout and abbreviations given
 * Alphabetise your list of citations by author/editor surname
 * If no author is given, start with the title
 * If more than one entry for an author put in date of publication order
 * If no date of publication is available, use (undated) or (no date) instead of the date -showing you haven't just forgotten to include the date

Book with one author
Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year) Title italic. Place of publication: Publishing company. Example **: McDonagh, S. (2001) //Why are we Deaf to the Cry of the Earth.// Dublin: Veritas.

Book with an editor
Editor's last name, First and Second Initial. (Ed.). (Year) Title italic. Place of publication: Publishing company. Example ** : O'Riordan, T. (Ed.). (2001) //Globalism, Localism and Identity//. London: Earthscan.

Chapter in an edited book
Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year) 'Chapter title'. In//:// Editor's(s) name and initials. ed(s). //Book title//. Place of publication: Publishing company. Example ** : Rose, H. (2000) 'Risk, Trust and Sceptism in the Age of the New Genetics'. In: Adam, B. et al. eds. //Risk Society and Beyond.// London: Sage.

Journal article - print
Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year) 'Article title'. //Journal title//, Volume number (Part):page numbers. Example ** : Tovey, H. (2002) 'Risk, Morality, and the Sociology of Animals - Reflections of the Foot and Mouth Outbreak in Ireland'. //Irish Journal of Sociology//, 11 (1):23-42.

Electronic article
Electronic article Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year) Article title.//Journal title// [Internet], Date of publication,Volume(issue), page numbers. Available from: [Accessed date]. Example ** : Hawke, J. L. et al, Genetic influences on reading difficulties in boys and girls: the Colorado twin study (2006). //Dyslexia.// [Internet]. Available from: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112098736/PDFSTART [Accessed 10 February 2006].

Newspaper article
Author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year) Article title. //Newspaper title//, date, page numbers. Example **: O'Dea, W. (2006) Irish role in battlegroup concept will help to bolster UN. //Irish Times,// 10 January, p.16.

Page on a Website
Webpage author's last name, First and Second Initial. (Year) **Article** **title** [Internet], edition if available eg. update or version 4.1.Place of publication, Publisher if Example **: Kelly, M. et al (2004) **Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours: Ireland in Comparative European Perspective** [Internet] Dublin Social Science Research Centre, University College Dublin Available from: [Accessed 8 February 2006]

Website
Website name. (Year) **Website** [Internet] .Place of publication, Publisher if ascertainable. Available from: [Accessed Date] Example **: International Tourism Partnership (2004) **International Tourism Partnership** (ITP) [Internet] London, ITP Available from: [Accessed 8 February 2006]

**Referencing Software**
It is possible to organise your references using electronic referencing software. Products such as **Endnote** - store, manage and retrieve your references, allowing you to create your bibliography electronically in a number of referencing styles

More examples
These are located at the UCE Business School, //Essential// webpages. > Produced by Waterford IOT Library service > Comprehensive style directory from the University of Limerick Library > Comprehensive style directory from the library at the National College of Ireland
 * **[|Guide to Harvard Referencing],** by Learning Support Services, Leeds Metropolitian University. Useful resource guide for citing for official publications and audio visual materials.
 * **[|Harvard referencing], Curtin University of Technology.** Modified version of Harvard, based of Snooks & Co. (rev). 2002, Style manual: For authors, editors adn printers, 6th ed.
 * [|More examples]
 *  [|Introduction to the Harvard Referencing Style]
 *  [|Harvard Referencing Style]
 *  [|Harvard Referencing Style]

Additional information on using references, paraphrases, and quotations is available in the **Plagiarism guide**